\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx,ninecolors}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\begin{document}
\small
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,scale=0.8]
  \begin{scope}
    \clip (0,0)circle(1.5);
    \foreach \x in {1.2,0.9,0.6,0.3,0,-1.3}
    {
      \foreach \y in {10,30,50,70,90}
      {
        \draw[line width={4*sin(90-\y)},red!\y](\x,1.5)--(\x,-1.5);
      }
    }
    \foreach \x in {-0.9,-0.6,-0.3}
    {
      \foreach \y in {10,30,50,70,90}
      {
        \draw[line width={4*sin(90-\y)},red!\y](\x,1.5)--(\x,0.4)..controls(\x,0.2)and(\x-0.1,0.2)..(\x-0.1,0)..controls(\x-0.1,-0.2)and(\x,-0.2)..(\x,-0.4)--(\x,-1.5);
      }
    }
  \end{scope}
  \draw[thick](0,0)circle(1.5);
  \draw[semithick,fill=cyan!30!white](-1.5,2.2)--(-1.5,2)--(1.5,2)--(1.5,2.2)--(-0.3,2.2)to[bend left=5](-0.9,2.2)--cycle;
  \draw[semithick,fill=cyan!30!white](1.4,2.3)rectangle(1.5,2.2);
  \draw[semithick,fill=cyan!30!white](-1.5,2.2)--(1.5,2.3034)--(1.4931,2.5033)--(-1.5069,2.3999)--cycle;
  \foreach \x in {-1.2,-0.6,0,0.6,1.2}
  {
    \draw[postaction={decorate},decoration={markings,mark=between positions 0.1 and 0.8 step 0.6 with {\arrow{>}}}](\x,3.5)--(\x,2.2)--(\x,3.5);
  }
  \node at (2.7,2.1){被检验平面};
  \node at (2.7,2.6){标准样板};
  \node at (2.7,0)  {干涉条纹};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}